为什么改写在SPM中很重要
改写——用自己的话表达别人的观点——对两个SPM任务至关重要:
- 摘要写作(Paper 1, 部分E): 你必须找出要点并用自己的话在字数限制内重写
- 阅读理解: 有些题目要求你”用自己的话”解释段落的意思
只是从文章中抄句子、换一两个词的学生会丢分。考官奖励的是展示真正理解的原创改写。
好的改写长什么样
原文: “The rapid increase in plastic waste has caused severe damage to marine ecosystems.”
差的改写(太接近原文): “The fast increase in plastic waste has caused bad damage to sea ecosystems.” (只换了几个形容词——这不是真正的改写)
好的改写: “Marine environments have been seriously harmed by the growing amount of plastic pollution.” (改变了结构、词汇和语序,同时保持了相同的意思)
5个改写技巧
技巧一:换词汇(同义词)
| 原词 | 同义词选择 |
|---|---|
| increase | rise, growth, surge |
| decrease | decline, drop, reduction |
| important | crucial, significant, vital |
| difficult | challenging, demanding |
| cause | lead to, result in, bring about |
| help | assist, aid, support |
| show | demonstrate, reveal, indicate |
原文: “Exercise helps reduce stress levels.” 改写: “Physical activity assists in lowering anxiety.”
技巧二:改变句子结构
重新排列信息的顺序:
原文: “Students who read regularly perform better in exams.” 改写: “Better exam performance is linked to regular reading habits among students.”
技巧三:主动语态变被动语态(反之亦然)
原文(主动): “The government has implemented new policies.” 改写(被动): “New policies have been introduced by the government.”
原文(被动): “The forest was destroyed by illegal logging.” 改写(主动): “Illegal logging destroyed the forest.”
技巧四:改变词性
名词变动词、形容词变名词等:
原文: “There has been a significant improvement in test scores.” 改写: “Test scores have improved significantly.”(名词→动词,形容词→副词)
原文: “She was successful in the competition.” 改写: “She succeeded in the competition.”(形容词→动词)
技巧五:合并或拆分句子
原文(两句): “Air pollution is increasing in cities. This is mainly caused by vehicle emissions.” 改写(一句): “Rising urban air pollution is primarily due to exhaust fumes from vehicles.”
摘要写作的改写步骤
第一步:阅读和理解
把相关段落读两三遍。没有真正理解之前不要开始写。
第二步:找出要点
画出主要观点。忽略例子、重复和细节。
第三步:合上原文
把文章放在一边。试着从记忆中回忆要点。
第四步:用自己的话写
不看原文,用你自己的词汇和句型写出那些观点。
第五步:对照原文检查
把你的版本和原文比较,确保:
- 意思准确
- 没有不小心抄了原文短语
- 在字数限制内
常见改写错误
错误一:只换了几个词
这不是改写——只是换词。结构也要改。
错误二:改变了意思
“Most”(大多数)和”all”(所有)意思不同。必须保持原文的确切含义。
错误三:变得更长
摘要的改写应该比原文更短,不是更长。去掉不必要的词,合并观点。
错误四:用不确定的复杂词
不要把简单词换成你不确定的复杂同义���。清楚比听起来厉害但用错了要好。
练习
改写这些句子:
- “The number of tourists visiting Malaysia has increased significantly over the past decade.”
- “Students who spend too much time on social media often perform poorly in examinations.”
- “Regular exercise is important for maintaining good physical and mental health.”
参考改写:
- “Over the last ten years, Malaysia has seen a substantial rise in tourist arrivals.”
- “Excessive use of social media tends to negatively affect students’ academic results.”
- “Staying physically active plays a vital role in keeping both the body and mind healthy.”
加强你的改写能力
在SPMEnglish.com.my,我们的阅读与理解课程包括有针对性的摘要写作练习,教你在考试条件下高效改写。WhatsApp我们,掌握能得分的改写技能。