SPM英文构词法：前缀、后缀和词根

什么是构词法？

构词法是将一个词从一种形式变成另一种形式的过程：

“She made a wise _____ (decide).” 答案：decision（从动词变成名词）

四大词类

常见后缀

名词后缀

• -tion/-sion: education, decision
• -ment: achievement, development
• -ness: happiness, kindness
• -ity: ability, safety
• -ence/-ance: confidence, importance
• -er/-or: teacher, actor

形容词后缀

• -ful: beautiful, helpful
• -less: careless, homeless
• -ous: dangerous, famous
• -al: educational, national
• -ive: creative, active
• -able/-ible: comfortable, responsible

副词后缀

• -ly: quickly, happily, carefully

常见否定前缀

SPM最常考的转换模式

动词 → 名词

decide → decision, achieve → achievement, improve → improvement, explain → explanation, succeed → success

形容词 → 名词

happy → happiness, important → importance, confident → confidence, strong → strength, wide → width

名词/动词 → 形容词

beauty → beautiful, danger → dangerous, success → successful, create → creative, science → scientific

形容词 → 副词

quick → quickly, careful → carefully, happy → happily

答题方法

第一步：判断需要什么词类

• 冠词（a/the）后面 → 可能是名词
• 名词前面 → 可能是形容词
• 动词后面 → 可能是副词

第二步：变换给出的词

用正确的后缀或前缀。

第三步：检查语法

变换后的词是否语法正确？

练习

1. Her _____ (perform) was excellent. → performance
2. It is _____ (possible) to finish today. → impossible
3. He spoke _____ (confident). → confidently
4. The _____ (destroy) of the forest is alarming. → destruction
5. She is very _____ (create). → creative
6. We must _____ (strong) our English. → strengthen
7. His _____ (care) caused the accident. → carelessness
8. The decision was made _____ (immediate). → immediately

系统扩大词汇量

构词技能让你的词汇成倍增加——每学一个词就多了3-4个相关词。在SPMEnglish.com.my，我们通过词族教词汇，用中英双语让你高效学习。WhatsApp我们，系统性扩大你的词汇量。

相关资源

• 词汇积累 — 系统词汇课程
• 常见拼写错误 — 避免构词时的拼写错误
• 完形填空技巧 — 构词题出现的地方