Reported Speech untuk SPM: Peraturan, Perubahan, dan Kesilapan Biasa

Apa Itu Reported Speech?

Reported speech (juga dipanggil indirect speech) ialah cara anda memberitahu seseorang apa yang orang lain katakan, tanpa menggunakan perkataan asal mereka.

Direct speech: Tom said, “I am tired.” Reported speech: Tom said that he was tired.

SPM uji reported speech dalam soalan tatabahasa, isian rumpang, dan secara tidak langsung dalam penulisan ringkasan.

Tiga Perubahan Utama

1. Perubahan Kala (Tense Backshift)

Pengecualian penting — tiada perubahan kala apabila:

• Kata kerja laporan dalam kala kini: “She says she is tired.”
• Kenyataan itu merupakan kebenaran umum: He said the sun rises in the east.

2. Perubahan Kata Ganti Nama

Contoh:

• “I will bring my book,” she said. → She said she would bring her book.
• “We enjoyed our trip,” they said. → They said they had enjoyed their trip.

3. Perubahan Ungkapan Masa dan Tempat

Melapor Kenyataan (Statements)

Corak standard guna “said (that)”:

• She said, “I like English.” → She said (that) she liked English.

Perkataan “that” boleh digugurkan — kedua-duanya betul.

Kata kerja laporan lain:

• told (perlu objek): She told me that she liked English.
• explained: He explained that the exam was difficult.
• mentioned: She mentioned that she was leaving.

Kesilapan biasa SPM: “She said me that…” ✗ Betul: “She told me that…” ✓ atau “She said that…” ✓

Ingat: said = tiada objek. told = perlu objek.

Melapor Soalan

Soalan Yes/No

Guna “if” atau “whether”:

• “Do you like English?” she asked. → She asked if I liked English.
• “Are you coming?” he asked. → He asked whether I was coming.

Soalan Wh-

Kekalkan kata soalan, tapi tukar kepada susunan pernyataan:

• “Where do you live?” he asked. → He asked where I lived. (BUKAN “where did I live”)
• “What are you doing?” she asked. → She asked what I was doing.

Peraturan utama: Dalam reported questions, guna susunan pernyataan — subjek sebelum kata kerja. Tiada tanda soal.

Melapor Arahan dan Permintaan

Guna “told/asked/ordered + objek + to-infinitive”:

• “Close the door,” she said. → She told me to close the door.
• “Please help me,” he said. → He asked me to help him.
• “Don’t be late,” she said. → She told me not to be late.

Kesilapan Biasa SPM

Kesilapan 1: Double Past

Salah: He said he didn’t went. Betul: He said he didn’t go. ATAU He said he hadn’t gone.

Kesilapan 2: Kekalkan Susunan Soalan

Salah: She asked where did I live. Betul: She asked where I lived.

Kesilapan 3: Tanda Soal dalam Reported Questions

Salah: She asked if I was coming**?** Betul: She asked if I was coming**.**

Kesilapan 4: Lupa Tukar Kata Ganti Nama

Salah: Tom said I was tired. (seolah-olah penceritanya yang penat) Betul: Tom said he was tired.

Kesilapan 5: Guna “Say” dengan Objek

Salah: She said me that she was busy. Betul: She told me that she was busy.

Latihan

Tukar kepada reported speech:

1. “I am studying for SPM,” she said.
2. “Do you understand?” the teacher asked.
3. “Where does your father work?” he asked me.
4. “I will help you tomorrow,” she promised.
5. “Don’t copy during the exam,” the teacher said.

Jawapan:

1. She said (that) she was studying for SPM.
2. The teacher asked if I understood.
3. He asked me where my father worked.
4. She promised (that) she would help me the next day.
5. The teacher told us not to copy during the exam.

Bina Tatabahasa Kukuh

Reported speech berkait dengan banyak topik tatabahasa lain — kala, kata ganti nama, modal verbs. Di SPMEnglish.com.my, program tatabahasa kami mengajar topik-topik ini sebagai satu sistem yang saling berkait. WhatsApp kami untuk kukuhkan tatabahasa anda secara sistematik.

Sumber Berkaitan

• Tatabahasa & Struktur Ayat — Program tatabahasa lengkap
• Panduan Kala — Kuasai semua 12 kala
• Panduan Modal Verbs — Can, could, should, must, might