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SPM英文动词搭配:动名词 vs 不定式完整指南

不要再猜该用动名词(-ing)还是不定式(to + 动词)了。这篇指南涵盖规则、例外,以及那些根据搭配形式改变含义的动词。

作者: Teacher Daletha · 8 分钟阅读 · 2025年1月3日
8年教学经验
2,000+学生
83%学生提升2+等级
SPM英文专家

什么是动词搭配?

在英文中,当一个动词后面跟着另一个动词时,第二个动词必须采用特定的形式。要么是动名词(动词 + -ing),要么是不定式(to + 动词)。你不能随意选择——每个动词都要求特定的搭配模式。

  • “I enjoy swimming.”(动名词)✓
  • “I enjoy to swim.”(不定式)✗
  • “I want to leave.”(不定式)✓
  • “I want leaving.”(动名词)✗

这个知识点在SPM英文中通过两种方式考查:

  1. 试卷一语法/完形填空题: 你必须选择正确的形式
  2. 作文写作: 错误的动词搭配让你的文章听起来不自然,导致语言准确性失分

只能接动名词的动词(-ing)

这些动词后面必须跟-ing形式。绝对不要在它们后面用不定式。

动词例句
enjoy(享受)“I enjoy reading novels before bed.”
avoid(避免)“She avoids eating spicy food.”
suggest(建议)“He suggested going to the library.”
consider(考虑)“We should consider moving to a bigger house.”
mind(介意)“Do you mind waiting for a moment?“
practise(练习)“She practises playing the piano daily.”
finish(完成)“Have you finished writing your essay?“
keep(持续)“He keeps forgetting his homework.”
admit(承认)“She admitted copying from her friend.”
deny(否认)“He denied stealing the money.”
risk(冒险)“Don’t risk driving in the storm.”
imagine(想象)“Can you imagine living in London?“
miss(想念)“I miss talking to my grandmother.”
postpone(推迟)“They postponed holding the event.”
give up(放弃)“She gave up trying to fix the computer.”

记忆技巧: 这些动词大多描述对正在发生或已在考虑的动作的反应。“Enjoy, miss, keep, finish”——动作已经在进行中或在脑海里。中文思维中,“享受做某事”、“错过做某事”——动作是已经存在的。

只能接不定式的动词(to + 动词)

这些动词后面必须跟”to + 动词”。不要在它们后面用动名词。

动词例句
want(想要)“I want to become a doctor.”
decide(决定)“She decided to study abroad.”
hope(希望)“We hope to visit Japan next year.”
plan(计划)“They plan to build a new school.”
agree(同意)“He agreed to help with the project.”
refuse(拒绝)“She refused to answer the question.”
promise(承诺)“I promise to call you tomorrow.”
offer(提出)“He offered to carry her bags.”
learn(学习)“She is learning to drive.”
afford(负担得起)“We can’t afford to buy a new car.”
manage(设法做到)“He managed to pass the exam.”
seem(似乎)“She seems to understand the topic.”
pretend(假装)“He pretended to be asleep.”
expect(期望)“I expect to finish by Friday.”
choose(选择)“She chose to remain silent.”

记忆技巧: 这些动词大多描述意图、计划或面向未来的行动。“Want, hope, plan, decide”——动作还没发生。中文里想想”想要去做”、“决定去做”——都是指向未来的。

两种都能接——但含义不同的动词

这些是SPM英文中最棘手的动词,因为根据你用动名词还是不定式,意思会完全改变。

Stop(停止)

  • stop + 动名词 = 停止做某个动作
    • “He stopped smoking.”(他戒烟了。)
  • stop + 不定式 = 暂停正在做的事去做另一件事
    • “He stopped to smoke.”(他停下来去抽烟。)

华校学生注意: 中文说”他停止抽烟”和”他停下来抽烟”——意思完全不同,英文也是一样的道理。

Remember(记得)

  • remember + 动名词 = 记得过去做过的事
    • “I remember locking the door.”(我记得我锁了门。)
  • remember + 不定式 = 记住要去做某事
    • “Remember to lock the door.”(记得要锁门。)

Forget(忘记)

  • forget + 动名词 = 不会忘记过去的经历
    • “I’ll never forget meeting the Prime Minister.”(那段记忆永远不会消失。)
  • forget + 不定式 = 忘了去做某事
    • “I forgot to meet him at the airport.”(我忘了去机场接他。)

Try(尝试)

  • try + 动名词 = 试试某种方法
    • “Try adding more salt.”(试试多加点盐。)
  • try + 不定式 = 努力尝试做困难的事
    • “I tried to open the door, but it was locked.”(我试着开门,但门锁了。)

Regret(后悔/遗憾)

  • regret + 动名词 = 后悔做过的事
    • “I regret telling her the secret.”(我后悔告诉了她秘密。)
  • regret + 不定式 = 遗憾地通知(正式用法)
    • “We regret to inform you that your application was unsuccessful.”

SPM常见错误

以下是我在学生作业中最常见的错误:

错误1:enjoy后面用不定式

  • ✗ “I enjoy to play badminton.”
  • ✓ “I enjoy playing badminton.”

错误2:want后面用动名词

  • ✗ “I want going to the mall.”
  • ✓ “I want to go to the mall.”

错误3:decide后面用动名词

  • ✗ “She decided studying medicine.”
  • ✓ “She decided to study medicine.”

错误4:混淆”stop to do”和”stop doing”

  • “The teacher stopped talking.”(老师不说话了。)
  • “The teacher stopped to talk to a parent.”(老师停下脚步,和家长说话。)

错误5:介词后面用错形式 在介词(in, on, at, about, for, without, by, before, after)后面,永远用动名词。

  • ✗ “She is interested in to learn English.”
  • ✓ “She is interested in learning English.”
  • ✗ “Thank you for to help me.”
  • ✓ “Thank you for helping me.”

练习题

用正确的形式(动名词或不定式)填空:

  1. She enjoys _______ (read) mystery novels.
  2. They decided _______ (postpone) the trip.
  3. I can’t afford _______ (buy) a new phone.
  4. He avoids _______ (eat) fast food.
  5. We hope _______ (travel) to Penang next month.
  6. She admitted _______ (cheat) in the test.
  7. Do you mind _______ (close) the window?
  8. I remember _______ (visit) this temple as a child.(回忆过去)
  9. Remember _______ (bring) your dictionary tomorrow.(提醒未来)
  10. He stopped _______ (check) his phone during the exam.(停止这个动作)

答案

  1. reading
  2. to postpone
  3. to buy
  4. eating
  5. to travel
  6. cheating
  7. closing
  8. visiting(回忆过去的经历)
  9. to bring(对未来的提醒)
  10. checking(他停止了查看手机的动作)

快速判断法则

考试中不确定时,问自己:

  • 动作正在发生或已经经历过? → 用动名词(enjoy doing, finish doing, keep doing)
  • 动作是计划中或未来的? → 用不定式(want to do, plan to do, decide to do)
  • 动词前面有介词? → 一定用动名词(interested in doing, good at doing)

这个法则覆盖大约80%的情况。其余的需要记住具体的动词搭配——尤其是那些会改变含义的。

想了解更多语法话题,可以看看我们的主动语态与被动语态指南易混淆词汇。如果你想全面复习语法与句子结构,我们有详细的专题页面。

通过个性化辅导掌握语法

动词搭配是那种通过练习加反馈效果最好的语法领域。在我们的课程中,我们会找出你的具体薄弱点,反复练习直到变成自动反应——这样你在考试中就不会浪费时间犹豫了。

通过WhatsApp联系我们,咨询我们为SPM英文量身定制的语法辅导课程。

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T
Teacher Daletha
8 years teaching SPM English · 2,000+ students tutored · 83% of students improve by 2+ grades · Bilingual teaching (English & Mandarin) · SPM English subject matter specialist

Teacher Daletha创办SPMEnglish.com.my,帮助马来西亚学生——尤其是华校和国民学校背景的学生——在SPM英文考试中取得更高分数。她用英文和华语将复杂的英文概念分解为清晰实用的步骤,让学生真正理解后再运用。

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